| A spade is a tool designed primarily for the purpose | | | | cloth tape) is a strong cotton cloth pressure-sensitive |
| of digging or removing earth. | | | | adhesive tape used in the motion picture, television, |
| Etymology | | | | stage (music and theater) and audio visual production. |
| The word in Old English is spaedu, cognate forms | | | | The tape is manufactured in many colors, including |
| being Dutch, Swedish and Danish spade, German | | | | fluorescent and custom colours, but the most |
| Spaten; also related is spoon. It is derived from the | | | | common variety is matte black. This matte finish |
| Greek spathe, a broad blade of wood or metal, and | | | | keeps the tape from reflecting light so the tape |
| so used of the blade of an oar or sword,which was | | | | blends in with the typical stage floor of a theatre. |
| latinized as spatha, and used of a broad paddle for | | | | The tape is most likely named for the gaffer, the |
| stirring liquid, of a piece of wood used by weavers | | | | head of the lighting department on a film crew. |
| for driving home the woof, and particularly of a | | | | Gaffer tape is easily torn by hand so no cutting tools |
| broad two-edged sword military without a point, as in | | | | are necessary. The adhesive used is a high quality |
| the title spatharius. | | | | synthetic rubber[citation needed] which leaves little or |
| The Spanish playing cards had swords for the suit | | | | no residue when removed, in contrast to duct tape. |
| which we know as spades, and the suit was called | | | | When cables are taped down on a stage or other |
| espada, hence spade in English; in Dutch schoppen, | | | | surface, either for safety or to keep them out of |
| which also means 'spades', not swords. | | | | view of the audience or camera, they are said to be |
| Designs of spades | | | | gaffed or gaffered. |
| Spades are made in many shapes and sizes, for a | | | | A narrow version of gaffers tape, called spike tape, |
| variety of different functions and jobs. There are | | | | is used in many colors for stage and theatre floor |
| many different designs used in spade manufacturing. | | | | layout. |
| The most common spade is a garden spade, which | | | | White gaffers tape is also used extensively by live |
| typically has a long handle, is wide, and is treaded | | | | sound engineers who place a strip along the bottom |
| (has rests for the feet to drive the spade into the | | | | of the mixing board allowing them to label the |
| ground). An Irish spade is similar to a common garden | | | | channels used for a particular show. |
| spade, with the same general design, although it has | | | | A mosquito net offers protection against mosquitos, |
| a much thinner head. A turfing iron has a short, round | | | | flies, and other insects, and thus against diseases |
| head, and it used for cutting and parring off turf. A | | | | such as malaria. Its fine, see-through, mesh |
| digging fork, or grape, is forked, much like a pitchfork | | | | construction stops many insects from biting and |
| and is useful for loosening ground, and gardening. | | | | disturbing the person using the net. The mesh is fine |
| Digging tool | | | | enough to exclude these insects, but it does not |
| In gardening, a spade is a hand tool used to dig or | | | | completely impede the flow of air. |
| loosen ground, or to break up clumps in the soil. | | | | Mosquito nets are often used where malaria or other |
| Together with the fork it forms one of the chief | | | | insect-borne diseases are common, especially as a |
| implements wielded by the hand in agriculture and | | | | tent-like covering over a bed. For effectivenesss, it is |
| horticulture. It is sometimes considered a type of | | | | important that the netting not have holes or gaps |
| shovel. Its typical shape is a broad flat blade with a | | | | large enough to allow insects to enter. Because |
| sharp lower edge, straight or curved. The upper edge | | | | insects can bite through the net, the net must not |
| on either side of the handle affords space for the | | | | rest directly on the skin. |
| used's foot, which drives it into the ground. The | | | | Mosquito nets treated with insecticides -- known as |
| wooden handle ends in a cross-piece, sometimes | | | | insecticide treated nets (ITNs) -- were developed in |
| T-shaped and sometimes forming a kind of loop for | | | | the 1980s for malaria prevention. These nets, |
| the hand. | | | | impregnated with a pyrethroid insecticide like |
| Small and/or plastic toy versions of the same tool are | | | | deltamethrin or permethrin, kill and repel mosquitos. |
| used to dig sand castles on a beach or in a sand-box. | | | | Unfortunately, standard ITNs must be replaced or |
| Other use | | | | re-treated with insecticide after six washes and, |
| In the oil and chemical process industries, a spade is a | | | | therefore, are not seen as a convenient, effective |
| round piece of metal with a small tab that is placed in | | | | long-term solution to the malaria problem. |
| between two pipe flanges to give positive isolation | | | | As a result, the mosquito netting and pesticide |
| from the central atom; usually to prevent cross | | | | industries teamed up to develop so-called long-lasting |
| contamination between fluids or to allow work on the | | | | insecticidal mosquito nets (LLINs), which also use |
| line. The name comes from the shape: a little like a | | | | pyrethroid insecticides, but are also treated with a |
| garden spade. The small tab lets one see that the | | | | chemical binder that allows the nets to be washed at |
| spade is in place. | | | | least 20 times, allowing use for three or more years. |
| gaffer's tape, gaff tape, gaffa tape, gaffing tape, | | | | |