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Article #4: Other hiking equipment

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A spade is a tool designed primarily for tape used in the motion picture,
the purpose of digging or removing earth. television, stage (music and theater) and
Etymology audio visual production. The tape is
The word in Old English is spaedu, manufactured in many colors, including
cognate forms being Dutch, Swedish and fluorescent and custom colours, but the
Danish spade, German Spaten; also related most common variety is matte black. This
is spoon. It is derived from the Greek matte finish keeps the tape from
spathe, a broad blade of wood or metal, reflecting light so the tape blends in
and so used of the blade of an oar or with the typical stage floor of a
sword,which was latinized as spatha, and theatre.
used of a broad paddle for stirring The tape is most likely named for the
liquid, of a piece of wood used by gaffer, the head of the lighting
weavers for driving home the woof, and department on a film crew.
particularly of a broad two-edged sword Gaffer tape is easily torn by hand so no
military without a point, as in the title cutting tools are necessary. The adhesive
spatharius. used is a high quality synthetic
The Spanish playing cards had swords for rubber[citation needed] which leaves
the suit which we know as spades, and the little or no residue when removed, in
suit was called espada, hence spade in contrast to duct tape. When cables are
English; in Dutch schoppen, which also taped down on a stage or other surface,
means 'spades', not swords. either for safety or to keep them out of
Designs of spades view of the audience or camera, they are
Spades are made in many shapes and sizes, said to be gaffed or gaffered.
for a variety of different functions and A narrow version of gaffers tape, called
jobs. There are many different designs spike tape, is used in many colors for
used in spade manufacturing. The most stage and theatre floor layout.
common spade is a garden spade, which White gaffers tape is also used
typically has a long handle, is wide, and extensively by live sound engineers who
is treaded (has rests for the feet to place a strip along the bottom of the
drive the spade into the ground). An mixing board allowing them to label the
Irish spade is similar to a common garden channels used for a particular show.
spade, with the same general design, A mosquito net offers protection against
although it has a much thinner head. A mosquitos, flies, and other insects, and
turfing iron has a short, round head, and thus against diseases such as malaria.
it used for cutting and parring off turf. Its fine, see-through, mesh construction
A digging fork, or grape, is forked, much stops many insects from biting and
like a pitchfork and is useful for disturbing the person using the net. The
loosening ground, and gardening. mesh is fine enough to exclude these
Digging tool insects, but it does not completely
In gardening, a spade is a hand tool used impede the flow of air.
to dig or loosen ground, or to break up Mosquito nets are often used where
clumps in the soil. Together with the malaria or other insect-borne diseases
fork it forms one of the chief implements are common, especially as a tent-like
wielded by the hand in agriculture and covering over a bed. For effectivenesss,
horticulture. It is sometimes considered it is important that the netting not have
a type of shovel. Its typical shape is a holes or gaps large enough to allow
broad flat blade with a sharp lower edge, insects to enter. Because insects can
straight or curved. The upper edge on bite through the net, the net must not
either side of the handle affords space rest directly on the skin.
for the used's foot, which drives it into Mosquito nets treated with insecticides
the ground. The wooden handle ends in a -- known as insecticide treated nets
cross-piece, sometimes T-shaped and (ITNs) -- were developed in the 1980s for
sometimes forming a kind of loop for the malaria prevention. These nets,
hand. impregnated with a pyrethroid insecticide
Small and/or plastic toy versions of the like deltamethrin or permethrin, kill and
same tool are used to dig sand castles on repel mosquitos. Unfortunately, standard
a beach or in a sand-box. ITNs must be replaced or re-treated with
Other use insecticide after six washes and,
In the oil and chemical process therefore, are not seen as a convenient,
industries, a spade is a round piece of effective long-term solution to the
metal with a small tab that is placed in malaria problem.
between two pipe flanges to give positive As a result, the mosquito netting and
isolation from the central atom; usually pesticide industries teamed up to develop
to prevent cross contamination between so-called long-lasting insecticidal
fluids or to allow work on the line. The mosquito nets (LLINs), which also use
name comes from the shape: a little like pyrethroid insecticides, but are also
a garden spade. The small tab lets one treated with a chemical binder that
see that the spade is in place. allows the nets to be washed at least 20
gaffer's tape, gaff tape, gaffa tape, times, allowing use for three or more
gaffing tape, cloth tape) is a strong years.
cotton cloth pressure-sensitive adhesive






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